In addition to the classification of K. Leongrard, in the practice of psychologists and psychiatrists are used accentuation of the character Licko.He expanded and supplemented this concept, derived his typology of the characteristics of pointed personality traits.
Brief background
A. Lichko derived his systematics of character accentuations, based on the works of Karl Leongrad, G.E. Sukhareva and P. B. Gannushkina.
However she slightly different.
Classification intended first for studying adolescence, covers not only accentuation, but also psychopathological deviations of character.
Licko proposed replacing the term “personality accentuations” with “character accentuations”, explaining that the personality is a broader concept and cannot be assessed only from the point of view of accentuations.
Attention during the research was directed to adolescence, because during this period various psychopathies began to appear most clearly.
Types of accentuation of the character according to Licko:
Accentuation of character from the point of view of A. E. Licko
According to Licko's theory, accentuation is a temporary change in character. In the process of child development, they may appear and disappear. These changes and personality traits sometimes translate into psychopathy and are already preserved in adulthood.
The direction of development of pointed personality traits is determined by the social environment and the type of accentuation. She happens explicit and hidden.
According to psychiatrist A. Licko, accentuation is a borderline state. between normal and pathological.
Therefore, he lined up his classification based on the types of psychopathies.
Character accentuation - examples:
Classification
The following types of accentuations were highlighted:
- Hyperthymic type. Active, restless, poorly controlled by teachers. Labilen, easily adapts to changing situations. Adolescents tend to conflict with adults, including teachers. Changes are not afraid. Mood prevails positive. Hypertymes tend to overestimate their capabilities, so they are able to take risks without hesitation.
For them, excitement, noisy, active companies and entertainment are acceptable. Hobbies are many, they are superficial.
- Cycloid. Characterized by frequent mood changes - from good to bad. They prefer loneliness, being at home than active entertainment in the company. Trouble experiencing hard. Painfully reacts to criticism and comments. There is a tendency to depression, apathy, easily irritated. Mood swings can be tied to the time of year.
In the process of growing up, pronounced features of accentuation can be smoothed out, but sometimes there is a jam at the oppressive-melancholic stage. In the period of recovery, when the mood is good, cheerfulness, optimism, high activity, sociability, initiative are observed. In the opposite state - in a bad mood - they show increased sensitivity, they sharply react to criticism. - Sensitive. People of this type are highly sensitive. Teens seem closed, they do not seek to play together, fearful. Good attitude to parents, behave obediently. Possible difficulties of adaptation in the team. An inferiority complex may develop.
People of this type have a developed sense of responsibility, make high moral demands on themselves and others.
Serenity allows you to successfully engage in hard work and complex activities. Friends choose carefully. Prefer to communicate with those who are older.
- Schizoid type. Observed isolation, the desire to spend time alone, separated from the world. Other people and communication with them are indifferent, which can manifest itself in a demonstrative avoidance of contacts. They lack such a quality as sympathy, do not show interest to the people around them, do not have empathy and understanding of the feelings of others. Schizoids do not seek to show people their feelings, so peers do not understand them, considering it strange.
Isteroid. They have a high degree of egocentrism. They need the attention of other people, and they do everything to get it. Demonstrative and artistic. They worry if they give attention not to them, but to someone else. They should be admired - one of the most important needs of the individual. Isteroids become the initiator of events and events, but they themselves are not able to clearly organize them. To deserve the authority of their peers is also problematic, despite the fact that they strive for leadership. They need praise in their address, but criticism is perceived painfully. Feelings are shallow.Prone to deception, fantasy, hypocrisy. Often, they demonstrate a demonstrative type of suicide in trying to attract attention and deserve sympathy from others.
- Conformal type. Teenagers with a similar accentuation easily obey the will of other people. They do not have their own opinion, they follow the group. The basic principle is to be, act like everyone else. At the same time they are distinguished by conservatism. If they need to protect their interests, they will go to any actions, finding them an excuse. Prone to betrayal. Finds a way to survive in the team, adapting to it and adapting to the leader.
- Psychasthenic type. Differs indecision, unwillingness to take responsibility. Prone to introspection, critical approach to the assessment of his personality and actions. Possess high mental abilities, ahead of peers. Behavior can be observed impulsiveness and ill-conceived action. Neat and reasonable, fairly calm, but at the same time indecisive and not capable of active actions where risk and responsibility are required.
To relieve tension tend to consume alcohol or drugs. Psychasthenes manifest themselves arbitrarily in personal relationships, which ultimately can lead to their destruction. They are prone to the manifestation of pettiness. - Unstable. There is little interest in learning, which gives a lot of excitement to parents and teachers. Have a penchant for entertainment. Life goals are absent, live one day, are not interested in anything. The main features - levity, laziness, idleness. They are not interested in work. They do not like to be controlled, they strive for complete freedom. Open to communication, communicative, love talking. They have a tendency to different types of dependencies. Often get into dangerous companies.
- Emotional labile type. Sharp, unpredictable mood changes. The reason for the changes in the emotional state can be any trifle, up to the wrong glance or the spoken word.
The type is sensitive, needs support, especially during periods of bad mood.
For peers is good. Has sensitivity, understands the attitude and mood of others. Strongly attached to people.
- Epileptoid type. One of the pronounced traits of character - cruelty, tend to offend younger and weak animals. Prefers to be friends and communicate with adults, the need to establish communication with peers causes discomfort. At an early age, they show the features of capriciousness, tearfulness, they need attention.
Possess pride and desire for power. If they become the boss, the subordinates are kept in fear. Of all the accentuation is considered the most dangerous type of personality, as it has a high degree of cruelty. If you need to make a career and achieve high office, they are able to please the top management, adjust to its requirements, while not forgetting about their interests. - Asthenoneurotic type. Show discipline and responsibility. However, they have a high degree of fatigue, this is especially noticeable with monotonous activities or the need to participate in competitive work. Drowsiness, fatigue may occur without apparent reason. In the manifestations of accentuation noticeable irritability, increased suspiciousness, hypochondria.
There is a possibility of emotional breakdowns, especially if events do not happen as asthenics want. Irritability is replaced by remorse.
In the process of growing up, pronounced features of accentuation can be smoothed out, but sometimes there is a jam at the oppressive-melancholic stage. In the period of recovery, when the mood is good, cheerfulness, optimism, high activity, sociability, initiative are observed. In the opposite state - in a bad mood - they show increased sensitivity, they sharply react to criticism.
Isteroid. They have a high degree of egocentrism. They need the attention of other people, and they do everything to get it. Demonstrative and artistic. They worry if they give attention not to them, but to someone else. They should be admired - one of the most important needs of the individual. Isteroids become the initiator of events and events, but they themselves are not able to clearly organize them. To deserve the authority of their peers is also problematic, despite the fact that they strive for leadership. They need praise in their address, but criticism is perceived painfully. Feelings are shallow.
To relieve tension tend to consume alcohol or drugs. Psychasthenes manifest themselves arbitrarily in personal relationships, which ultimately can lead to their destruction. They are prone to the manifestation of pettiness.
Possess pride and desire for power. If they become the boss, the subordinates are kept in fear. Of all the accentuation is considered the most dangerous type of personality, as it has a high degree of cruelty. If you need to make a career and achieve high office, they are able to please the top management, adjust to its requirements, while not forgetting about their interests.In addition to pronounced types can be observed and mixed characters.
Character Accentuations Table:
Where is the technique used?
Test licko expanded to 143 questions. Focuses more on children and adolescents.
Used by to identify pronounced problems and accentuations in character, allows us to predict the appearance of neuroses, psychopathies, to start the correction of negative conditions in a timely manner, to identify dangerous personalities.
Licko believed that it was important to study accentuation as early as adolescence, since the majority during this period manifest themselves most clearly and are formed before transitional age.
Questionnaire Licko.
The use of methods of diagnosis, testing, conversation allows timely identify the problem and develop a correction program.
How to identify character accentuation? Psychologist comment:
