Hallucinations begin to bother a person when mental disorders occur.
He sees, hears that what really doesn't exist.
But hallucinations can occur and with a healthy mind after taking certain medications, alcohol, or with severe fatigue. If they appear more often, you need to think about treatment.
General concept
What it is? Hallucinations - these are images that appear in consciousness without external stimulus.
Sense organs perceive what doesn't really exist.
A person can see non-existent objects, demons, hear voices.
Hallucinations manifest themselves very simply: a person sees a very real object, or hears a distinct voice, feels some object, but in reality it can be surrounded by completely different objects.
Going on distortion of reality. Observed such processes with brain damage, fatigue, taking psychotropic substances and alcohol. A person reacts to pictures, voices that appear in his head.
From the side it begins to seem that the individual speaks to himself, shouts, cries or laughs without obvious reasons for others. He reacts to the appearing images and takes them for reality.
Over time, hallucinations may become all more obsessive, bright. The patient listens to the voices, enters into dialogue with them, the reaction becomes more emotional.
In this case, the individual needs the immediate assistance of a specialist who will find out the cause of these phenomena and prescribe treatment.
Diagnostics It is carried out by specialists from the field of neurology and psychiatry at the same time and consists in studying the clinical manifestations, performing specific tests and monitoring the patient. For laboratory and instrumental procedures often do not apply.
What is different from illusions?
Illusion and hallucinations - these are different concepts. Illusion is a phenomenon in which the perception of real-life objects is distorted.
In other words, certain things surrounding a person they begin to be perceived differently.
He suddenly begins to think that they have become larger, smaller, more beautiful, changed color, shape. With hallucinations, the individual sees what cannot be. These items are not.
These terms are not synonymous. Specialists strictly distinguish them. For this reason, hallucinations cannot be called illusions.
Causes
From what and why are they? This phenomenon appears for the following reasons:
- taking psychotropic drugs;
- the use of alcoholic beverages or drugs;
- the presence of a mental illness;
- brain injury;
- aging;
- increased anxiety;
- use of hallucinogenic mushrooms.
Hallucinations accompany such mental disorders such as: schizophrenia, epilepsy, psychosis, senile dementia.
But these phenomena are also possible with infectious diseases, syphilis, hypothermia, cerebral atherosclerosis.
They arise as complications of these diseases.
Scientists to the end not studied the causes of these phenomena. Research methods, experiments have identified the above factors. But scientists call another cause of hallucinations, we are talking about mass suggestion.
If a lot of people have been actively inspired for a long time, had a mental impact, high probability of encountering these phenomena. Even in this case, hallucinations can be very bright. This process is called "mass psychosis."
Psychology
In psychology, it is believed that these phenomena caused by impaired brain function. Consciousness begins to show non-existent images to a person.
It is possible to identify the disease not only by the stories of a person, but also by looking at his behavior.
Most often, individuals suffering from hallucinations begin shout, cry or laugh for no reason. They talk to invisible people, listen to the voices in their heads, which give them orders.
Some patients feel that something has fallen on their skin.
They beat their hands on the body, trying to shake something, behave strangely to others.
There are cases when patients ask to turn off the music, complain about noise in a quiet room.
Psychology says that man sincerely believes in what he sees, hears or feels. For this reason, he believes that others do not believe him, but he is right. The individual refuses to help, taking his vision for reality.
What are the?
What do hallucinations look like? There are several types of such phenomena:
- Visuals. Man sees that which is not true. He complains about the demons, people or things that persecute him, but in reality they are not. They can frighten, cause admiration, joy. laughter and even tears.
The individual somehow reacts to them, as if they were real. Hide his behavior and reactions to them, he can not.
For this reason, when these phenomena appear, people around them always guess about them.
- Hearing aids. Patients hear voices, songs, shouts, conversations of people. They can enter into dialogue with him, order. At first they frighten the patient, and then he begins to trust them. Most often, this type appears in schizophrenia. There are several personalities, they talk, impose ideas, order to perform certain actions, even if the main, real person does not want to do this. In this case, the patient becomes dangerous to society. The treatment of such a violation is only conservative in nature and consists in taking medications and the work of the psychotherapist or psychiatrist with the patient.
However, therapy will not be complete without eliminating the underlying disease.
- Olfactory. An individual feels a smell that other people do not feel. He proves that indoors there is a strong smell of some object, product. But in reality this is just an obsession. To convince a person of his wrongness is almost impossible. He believes that he can smell the real thing.
- Taste. The taste of this or that product appears in the mouth, but the individual has not eaten it for a long time, therefore its appearance is impossible. He can prove that he feels a certain product in his mouth, but others will deny it. For this reason, conflicts and quarrels with even the closest people are possible.
- Tactile. The patient complains that someone is crawling on him, someone is touching him. He hits himself on the body, shakes off invisible things to others.
- Speech motor. A rarer type in which the patient complains that some force has seized his body. Neither body nor tongue obey him. He does not control what he says and does. This can manifest itself in various disorders, so they try to isolate the patient from society.
- Senile. Due to age-related changes, the brain is malfunctioning, which can be manifested in an old person in the form of visions or voices. This is especially true for senile dementia.
- Neurotic. An overly suspicious, anxious person may experience hallucinations. Consciousness shows him his fears, imposes them.
To get rid of obsessive visions, prescribe sedatives. They reduce anxiety, relieve fear.
- Pseudogallucinations. These are lively, colorful images in the head of the patient. They differ from hallucinations in that they do not possess the character of objective reality. The pictures are too fantastic, with demons, mythological creatures, ghosts.
- Lucid. The person in his heart realizes that what is happening is not a reality. He gradually realizes that the vision is not true.
- True and false. The true differ in brightness, sensuality, are not accompanied by exposure from outside. False accompanied by certain actions from the outside, more faded, almost do not cause unrest in the soul of the patient.
- Functional. Occur under the influence of an external stimulus. For example, against the background of music a voice is heard to a person.
- Hypnopompic. Appear in a state between sleep and wakefulness. Pictures from a night's sleep, voices of those who dreamed can be shown.
- Visceral. It seems to a person that there are any objects, parasites in his body. Accompanied by hysterical states.
- Imperative. Manifested in the form of voices that order a person to perform certain actions.
- Extracampine. Unusual visions that are projected out of sight: from the side, at the back of the head. This species is very rare.
- After stroke. The brain works with violations, there are failures that lead to the appearance of images, visions and voices in the head.
There is such a thing as organic hallucinosis. It is a state in which visions, voices, or sensations appear continuously. The patient as if is shrouded in images, not in a condition to distract from them.
Formed not only after waking up from sleep or falling asleep, but also during wakefulness, on the background of clear consciousness. It appears most often after head injuries, due to a tumor, brain damage.
Peduncular hallucinosis characterized by extremely realistic visions that the patient unconditionally believes. This is a mental disorder that is treated only with the help of a psychiatrist. Visions are chaotic, changeable, voices can periodically disappear, but they can be strongly felt.
These phenomena may be accompanied in other cases. For example, this phenomenon is common. from lack of sleep at night or fatigue. The brain has not rested for a long time, it did not relax.
He was always in suspense, so his functions were disrupted.
This led to the fact that the person began to feel what is not really.
If the reason lies only in the absence of rest or sleep, he rest is prescribed as a treatmentwhat is enough.
If the fever has risen, the individual begins to rave, to see unreal objects. This is due to the disruption of the brain due to illness. As a rule, normalizing the body temperature, these phenomena disappear.
Syndromes
Hallucinatory-paranoid syndrome. A similar syndrome is hallucinatory-delusional. Such conditions arise for similar reasons:
- heredity;
- psychological trauma;
- stress;
- use of alcohol, drugs;
- taking psychotropic drugs;
- increased fear of anxiety.
Symptoms of these conditions are: irritability, aggression, anxiety. A person constantly looks around, trying to be as inconspicuous as possible.
Him constantly it seems that someone is following him. He often changes the phone number, place of residence, complains about the increased attention from a particular person.
People with this disorder are sure that someone is watching them, trying to catch them in order to cause harm or kill them. Such people because of strong fear begin to see danger where there is none.
They avoid even the closest ones, withdraw themselves in themselves. Strong fear does not give adequate thinking. For this reason, the brain is disturbed.
A person sees his fears, certain people and objects see him. At any moment he is ready to scream, to call for help. Often there are panic attacks.
Some people begin to think that everyone around can read the mind, know the secrets. Because of these thoughts work of the entire nervous system fails. This can provoke dizziness, increased heart rate, fainting, increased body temperature.
For the treatment of such syndromes need to visit psychotherapist. During conversations, he will be able to find out the cause of such states, identify the stage and determine which radiation is optimal.
Both conversations and taking medications that the doctor selects individually, depending on the frequency of vision, their severity, can help.
If it doesn’t become easier for the patient, the disease progresses rapidly, and the behavior becomes inadequate, it is placed in a psychiatric clinic for treatment, where more effective treatments are offered.
Patients are given strong medications and medical treatments are given. But experts remind that get rid of such states alone will not work. Need help from a doctor.
Hallucinations can accompany serious mental disorders. They appear from fatigue, lack of sleep, stress, strong fear.
If a time not to pay attention to this disease, then it will remind of itself more and more often, it will worsen the condition of a person, will lead to poor health.
Get rid of such phenomena will, if consult a specialist. Without his help, getting rid of voices in the head, visions and obsessions will not come out. In addition to the specialist's room, it is recommended to protect the patient from stressful situations, to get enough sleep and eat fully.
What is hallucination? What are they like? Find out from the video:
