Person can not communicate with other people - in the process of professional activity, for his own development or pleasure, he contacts with other people throughout his life.
However, the process of communication is not always pleasant for both sides of communication. What are the rules and norms of communication? What are ethical principles of communication and how to learn to observe them?
What is a culture of communication?
Communication culture - This is a concept that determines the quality and perfection of communication between people, characterizing moral models of communication, norms and rules of interaction between people.
The basis of the culture of communication is morality, because it is included in all spheres of human activity.
From the point of view of morality, a person evaluates all manifestations of public life or of any individual person, their conformity or non-conformity with the moral principles and norms close to him.
Also, morality helps to form the image of the moral ideal for the person to whom he will strive to conform.
Moral focuses the person on the attitude to man, as to the highest value, helps to follow the ideals of justice and goodness, which in everyday life is expressed in human relationships in the family, with colleagues, friends and close friends.
Such contacts manifest such qualities of morality as respect, duty, love, loyalty, sympathy, friendship. Huge role while playing ethics of communication.
Ethics: concept
The word "ethics" comes from the Greek "ethikos" - morality.
Ethics of communication is a set, a set of norms and rules of communication in certain situations, the duties of people in relation to each other in certain situations.
In other words is the doctrine of the correct expression of their moral convictions in relation to other people.
Etiquette of communication includes many forms of direct human behavior. This is a greeting, a correct appeal to the elderly, to colleagues with professional interaction, congratulations, etc.
Thanks to the knowledge of the ethics of communication, a person can not only correctly express his beliefs, designate his position to a partner in a way that does not lead to a conflict situation, but can also quickly and better understand another person.
Problem
Ethics stipulates the rules of conduct that correspond to morality, and etiquette only external manifestations, forms of behavior in a given situation. This implies the main problem of ethics communication - when a person acting on etiquette does not comply with ethical standards.
In this case, he can be considered as a liar and a hypocrite, because his words do not correspond to the internal attitudes.
In the same way, a person who demonstrates highly moral behavior looks strange not following the basic rules of etiquette.
Therefore, the concepts of ethics of communication and etiquette should not be considered separately. Observing the rules of etiquette, one should always keep in mind the morality of actions, and when performing highly moral actions, one should not forget about etiquette.
Cultural communication - what is it?
Communication culture due to the established system of principles, rules and regulations, technology of their implementation helps to solve the main task of communication, as such - to reach mutual understanding of people in contact.
Cultural communication involves the observance of the norms of interpersonal communication in one or another cell of society, including many factors - moral, cultural, psychological.
At the same time, cultural communication is most strongly associated with morality. Cultural communication is distinguished by the following characteristics:
- Respect to the partner, politeness and desire not to use offensive and vulnerable words for the interlocutor.
- Willingness to understand and accept the position of the interlocutor, even if what has been said is not included in the intended response to the replica stimulus.
- Preventing and overcoming conflict situations, as well as tolerance, tolerance to partner.
- Equality communicating in dialogue and its principle observance.
The higher the morality of each of the participants of communication, the higher the level of communication in general, the more effective and more useful it is for each contacting person individually.
Ethical principles
Communication ethics imply the following principles:
- Politeness. The fundamental principle of ethics, prescribing respect for the partner.
- Cooperation. Involves a contribution to the common cause of each of the participants in order to achieve effective interaction.
- Parity According to this principle, all participants of communication are equal, excluding the domination of any of them. At the same time, even with a different social status, those who communicate must observe the principle of politeness and respect each other.
- Truthfulness Communication partners are required to provide each other with complete and undistorted information on any issue.
- Comprehensibility In speech interaction, each of its participants must provide information so that his partner does not put too much effort into correct perception.
- Sequence. This principle prescribes a consistent development of the dialogue - for example, a greeting implies the same reply, a congratulation should be followed by gratitude, etc.
Compliance with ethical principles in communication leads to mutual respect and trust of all partners, which become the basis for the development of further interaction between people.
Types of norms
Conventionally, all ethical norms of communication can be classified as recommended and mandatory.
Compulsory in the process of communication is the principle of "do no harm."
Damage to a person, his humiliation, oppression, and infringement of rights are not allowed.
At the same time, negative emotions should be restrained, even if there is every reason to experience them, not to pass to insults.
Featured ethical standards do not harm the interlocutor if they are not followed, but they allow to achieve greater respect and trust towards those who follow them. This preservation of self-esteem, modesty, etc.
Also, ethical norms are dictated by communication motives:
- positive - to surprise, interest the interlocutor, satisfy his need for understanding, give him joy, make a compliment;
- neutral - transfer any information;
- negative - Express your indignation at the low deed.
Each of the reactions manifested is ethical, since they do not contradict morality, are justified by high moral motives.
Behavior in a completely different way can be considered, which, although externally distinguished by flawless etiquette, is based, for example, on the desire to ingratiate himself with the trust of a person in order to subsequently deceive him.
What is their non-compliance?
Non-observance of ethical norms is conveniently considered on appearing as a result of this. defects in communicationwhich lead to such forms of moral decline:
- Moral vacuum. In this case, the person has no knowledge of ethics, as such, or he enters a society whose ethical standards are not familiar to him.
- Lack of moral initiative - A person expects the manifestation of morality from a partner, before not showing any action to establish communication.
- Moral Camouflage - the desire to make a good impression on the interlocutor, focusing on the external manifestation of etiquette, which in fact is not supported by truly moral motives. As a rule, this is accompanied by arguments about the decline of morality, and obsessive calls to observe the standards of decency.
- Moral regression. Loss of acquired knowledge, the extinction of interest to observe the standards of decency, to give a moral assessment of their own actions, as well as ignoring the interests of people around them.
Often moral regression is accompanied by cruelty, practicality, aggression and rationalism.
- Intolerance. It is characterized by hostility towards dissidents in religious, political, cultural and other matters. As a rule, it is inherent in authoritarian individuals who have one-dimensional thinking. With such a communication defect, productive interaction can be completely excluded, even in a situation that promises to be beneficial for both parties.
- Primitivism. In this case, the justification for non-observance of moral norms is served by past merits or unconcealed own interests, which are satisfied by means of deliberately anti-moral behavior.
- Moral Deafness - lack of desire to hear another person, to understand and accept his position.
Ethical Compliance make communication counterproductive, does not allow people to effectively interact with each other, to receive mutual benefits from communication and thereby levels its value.
How to learn to talk in culture?
A person is not born with the innate skills of cultural communication - all the knowledge he gains in education, they depend on the environment in which it grows and lives.
This means that everyone can learn to talk culturally, to master the ethical norms of speech communication.
In order to learn cultural talk, it is necessary to follow such recommendations:
- Constantly replenish vocabulary. To do this, you can read the literature or engage in in-depth study of the language - gradually new language turns, statements and phrases will pass into your vocabulary, enrich your language. This will give you the opportunity to correctly express your thoughts, make them more accessible to the interlocutor - that is, will allow you to follow one of the basic principles of ethical communication - intelligibility.
- Eliminate the word parasites from the lexicon. Get used to constantly monitor your speech, paying attention to the words-parasites and tautology. This will make your speech more diverse, interesting, attractive to the interlocutor.
- Observe speech literacy. Even if you are sure that nobody will appreciate it at the moment, this approach should become a habit.
- Practice retelling the information received. - Try to mentally repeat it about yourself or write on paper. This technique will allow you to train the ability to formulate your thoughts, highlight the most important and secondary from what you have learned and wish to pass on to another.
- Do not be lazy to re-read the rules of speech etiquette - even if you are sure that you know it at the proper level.
- Practice declaring - such a reception will allow you to "put" a voice, learn to speak clearly and clearly.
In the process of communication watch other people speak.
Especially pay attention to those people who, in your opinion, know how to talk culturally - their phrases, voice intonation, pauses, facial expressions - all this is perceived by the interlocutor as an integral part of speech communication.
A person is forced to communicate with others, to be part of society. And it is in his power to make this interaction enjoyable and beneficial for both sides of communication, observing the culture of speech and the principles of morality, or to communicate destructively, which will make it impossible to get these benefits from all participants in the interaction.
Etiquette and culture of communication:
